Ancient Greece valued both art and science. Observational data collection, theorising and rhetorical arguments were all pioneered in the ancient world.

​

We still make use of the geometry of Pythagoras and Euclid, doctors still pledge an (amended) Hippocratic oath and astronomers still use the work of Aristarchus and Ptolemaeus. Alongside all this science the  Ancient Greeks built some of the most beautiful buildings in the ancient world, many of which applied scientific principles to gain the best aesthetic outcome.

However, by the early medieval period, much of western Europe saw a great conflict between science and divinity, and any interest in science could land you in very hot water indeed. For this reason the Renaissance was very significant for both art and science.

​

This revolutionary period, which was in part begun by the Fall of Constantinople, and part thanks to political changes in Italy, spread ideas across the continent. Propelled by inventions such as the printing press, and increases in literacy. 

​

One of the most significant changes for both artists and scientists was new found access to dissection, initially by travel to North Africa, and then within Europe. Not only did dissection help medics such as William Harvey establish a clearer picture of how the heart works, but also opened up possibilities for scientifically curious artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.



Da Vinci remains one of the most famous men of the period, and for good reason. A prolific artist his work encompasses everything from anatomical drawing to prototype aeroplanes. L'uomo vitruviano  is one of the most well-known, yet simple images in the world. The anatomically accurate man, with his arms in various positions remains a guide for beginner artists.

​

Without the science being able to utilise dissection, Da Vinci would not have been able to produce as detailed a drawing as he did. Da Vinci studied human anatomy very closely, looking not only at the outside, but also the mechanics of how limbs move from skeletal joints to musculature. This level of detail increased the natural appearance of his subjects. Da Vinci’s in depth approach to anatomy remains an essential part of many Fine Art courses.



next Joseph Wright and the Enlightenment ​

Da Vinci and the Renaissance